Early history of Islam Essay

Islam is a religion base upon the surrender to God who is one. The very name of the religion, al-islam in Arabic, means at once submission and peace, for it is in submitting to God’s Will that human beings achieve peace in their lives in this world and in the hereafter. The message of Islam concerns God, who in Arabic is called Allah, and it addresses itself to humanity’s most deep nature. It concerns men and women as they were created by God–not as fallen beings. Islam for that reason considers itself to be not an innovation but a reassertion of the universal truth of all revelation which is God’s Oneness. Moreover, beginning as the faith of a small community of believers in Arabia in the seventh century, Islam quickly becomes one of the main world religions. The core of this faith is the faith that Muhammad (c. 570-632), a respected businessman in Mecca, a commercial and religious center in western Arabia, received revelations from God that have been conserved in the Koran. The heart of this revealed message is the confirmation that â€Å"there is no god but Allah (The God), and Muhammad is the messenger of God. † The term Islam comes from the Arabic word-root s-l-m, which has a common reference to peace and submission. Particularly, Islam means submission to the will of God, and a Muslim is one who makes that submission. This submission or act of Islam means living a life of devotion and practice as defined in the Koran and participating in the life of the community of believers. The core of this Islamic life is typically said to be the Five Pillars of Islam: openly bearing witness to the basic affirmation of faith; saying prescribed prayers five times a day; fasting during the month of Ramadan; giving a tithe or alms for support of the poor; and making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once throughout the believer’s lifetime, if this is possible. In addition, Muslims believe that Islam is the essential monotheistic faith proclaimed by prophets throughout history. The Koran is not seen as presenting a new revelation but rather as providing a complete, precise, and therefore final record of the message that had previously been given to Abraham, Jesus, and other earlier prophets. As the basis for a historical community and tradition of faith, nevertheless, Islam begins in Mecca with the life and work of Muhammad in the early seventh century. Islam possesses a religious law called al-Shari’ah in Arabic which govern the life of Muslims and which Muslims regard as to be the incarnation of the Will of God. The Shari’ah is contained in principle in the Koran as elaborated and complemented by the Sunnah. On the basis of these principles the schools of law which are followed by all Muslims to this day were developed early in Islamic history. This Law, while being rooted in the sources of the Islamic revelation, is a living body of law which caters to the desires of Islamic society. Islamic laws are fundamentally preventive and are not based on unkind punishment except as a last measure. The faith of the Muslim causes him to have respect for the rights of others and Islamic Law is such that it prevents misbehavior from taking place in most instances. That is why what people consider to be unforgiving punishments are so seldom in need of being applied. Furthermore, the spread of Islam was not restricted to its amazing early expansion outside of Arabia. During later centuries the Turks embraced Islam serenely as did a large number of the people of the Indian subcontinent and the Malay-speaking world. In Africa as well, Islam has spread during the past two centuries even under the strong power of European colonial rulers. Nowadays Islam continues to grow not only in Africa but as well in Europe and America where Muslims now comprise a prominent minority. References: Exploring the Ancient world Cultures, Retrieved on November 29, 2006 at http://eawc. evansville. edu/ispage. htm Historiography of early Islam, Retrieved on November 29, 2006 at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam

Prevalence Of Stroke In India Health And Social Care Essay

In most of the developed states, cerebrovascular accident or shot is a common cause of decease and disablement. Stroke ranks 3rd as a cause of decease after bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease in U.S.A and U.K. The one-year economic disbursal due to cerebrovascular accident has been estimated to transcend 7 billion dollars in U.S.A. Prevalence rates reported for cerebrovascular accident universe broad vary between 500 to 800 per 1,00,000 population. ( Nolen,2008 ) Stroke is the 3rd prima cause of decease in the United States. It accounts for about 1,64,000 mortalities yearly. An estimated 5,50,000 people experience stroke each twelvemonth. Stroke is besides a chief cause of grownup disablement. In United States more than 4 million shot subsisters are populating with changing grade of disablement. Stroke is socio economically really important in older people. Harmonizing to WHO, shot was the 2nd commonest cause of world-wide mortality in 1990 and the 3rd commonest cause of mortality in more developed states ; it was besides the ground for about 4A ·4 million deceases worldwide. In 1999, the figure of deceases due to stroke ailing 5A ·54 million worldwide, and two-thirds of these occurred in less developed states. Stroke was found to be a major cause of long-run disablement and, has potentially tremendous emotional and socioeconomic effects for patients, their households, and wellness services. The case-fatality rate due to stroke varies from 11.7 % to 32.4 % . An estimated 15 million people worldwide survived minor shot each twelvemonth and about 4,800,000 in the USA, in which 50 % of instances each twelvemonth are in adult females. ( Health Statistics for US,2002 ) The incidence of shot in the U.S has declined, but there is no diminution in the badness. Harmonizing to background information it is a taking neurological cause of long term disablement. ( Davidson,2008 ) . Annually an estimated 50,000 individuals in Canada suffer from shot. There is 5.4 million persons who have a history of shot and up to 3,00,000 shot subsisters in Canada. Each twelvemonth about 16,000 dice from shot in Canada. ( Hock ‘s article, 2003 ) The prevalence of shot varies. Over the last 30 old ages at that place has been a definite addition in the prevalence and incidence of shot in India ( The Hindu, March 2008 ) The prevalence of shot in India scopes from 40 to 270 per 100 000 population. Approximately 12 % of all shots occur in the population of greater than 40 old ages of age. Major hazard factors are high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, baccy usage, and low haemoglobin degrees. In major infirmaries 2 per centum of infirmary enrollments, 1.5 per centum of medical enrollments and 9 to 30 per centum of neurological admittances histories for stroke.The National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health has pointed out that instances of shot would increase from 1,081,480 in 2000 to 1,667,372 in 2015. The ICMR survey on Burden of Disease ( 2005 ) has found that there has been an addition in the figure of shot instances in India during the last one and a half decennaries by 17.5 % . There was besides an addition in mortality rate by 7.8 % Dr. Ashok cites that statistically India may be seeing every bit many as 200 shots for every 100,000 cross subdivision of the population. Dr. RK Srivastava ( 2008 ) estimated that 3 million adult females and 2.5 million work forces worldwide dice from shot every twelvemonth, and in developed states it is the 3rd commonest cause of decease. In China it is the taking cause of long term disablement since about two-thirds of patients require rehabilitation. Almost 10 % of shot patients recovered wholly, 25 % showed minor damage, 40 % had moderate to severe damages that required particular attention. Dr. D Nagaraj ( 2007 ) discussed on the quickly increasing shot load due to altering population with increasing life anticipation. There is a broad fluctuation in the incidence ( 13-105/100,000 ) , prevalence ( 52-842/100,000 ) of shot across the state and in the past decennaries. Case human death ranges from 11.7 % -32 % .The ischaemic shots account for 70 % to 80 % . The surveies nevertheless, have reported a higher per centum of haemorrhagic shots. The individual most of import hazard factor is found to be high blood pressure.The prevalence of smoking baccy varies from 28 % to 50 % in different surveies and of intoxicant usage ranged from 1.5 % to 47 % . Hypercoagulopathies accounted for 6 % of shot, hyperhomocysteinemia was recorded to be high in 40 % of storke clients. 57 % of diability have been recorded in most surveies. Shymal K. Das and Tapas K. Banerjee ( 2003 ) conducted a population based survey on shot in Kolkata to happen out the prevalence, incidence and instance human death hazards. The findings shows that, the prevalence and incidence rates of shot in this survey are similar to or higher than many surveies conducted in western states. The entire instance human death rates in India is among the highest class of shot human death in the universe. In 2006,105 instances were detected in 6 months in Tamil Nadu, among which 36 % were of age less than 40yrs,39 % were of 40-60yrs of age. The survey shows that 26 % of clients had a old history of shot. 8 out of 11 screened for homocysteinemia. Epidemiologic surveies on shot published on equal reviewed diaries during the past 10 old ages were identified utilizing MEDLINE and pubmed hunts and were reviewed utilizing the construction of WHO ‘s shot compound Infobase. Harmonizing to WHO, the figure of stroke events is proposed to increase from 1.1 million per twelvemonth in 2000 to more than 1.5 million per twelvemonth in 2025. ( World Health Organisation 2007 ) In 2005, estimations indicated that 58 million people died, in which chronic diseases accounted for 35 million deceases ( 60 % ) . Cardiovascular diseases, chiefly bosom disease and shot caused 17A ·5 million deceases Stroke is the 2nd prima individual cause of decease, with 5A ·8 million fatal instances per twelvemonth, 40 % of which are in people of age less than 70 old ages. About 15 million new instances occur every twelvemonth, and about 55 million people have experienced shot in the yesteryear, either with or without residuary disability.By 2025, four out of five shot events will happen in people populating in these parts. ( International Stroke Surveillance, 2005 ) Around half of shot subsisters suffer with important disablement. Physiotherapy will help in recovering every bit much motion and map as possible. Neurological shot physical therapy helps to better balance and walking, increases ability to execute simple to complex undertakings, cut down cramp, hurting and stiffness. It besides helps to increase strength, to retain normal forms of motion, additions affected appendages map and increases energy degree. ( Samuel.J et.al,2008 ) The research workers besides observed that most of the patients were dependent in run intoing the ego attention activities. Nurses are frequently in the forepart of stroke instruction. Health instruction is a critical measure in accomplishing conformity. Patients understanding may find the ultimate success of the rehabilitation and better the ability.Since shot with unilateral paralysis is a major job, the ego attention abilities of a patient should be identified and should be taught to be independent in run intoing their ain demands. The research worker from her short period of clinical experience has observed that most of the shot patients have unequal cognition sing causes, direction and bar. Therefore people should be encouraged to cognize about these facets. Sing the big figure of patients admitted in the infirmary, the research worker is of the sentiment that the wellness instruction booklet needs to be prepared which will assist the patients to acquire cognition on cause, direction, bar and to better their ego attention ability. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM â€Å" A survey to measure the cognition and to place the ego attention abilities of shot patients in Senthil Multi Speciality Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu † . OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To measure the cognition of patients sing shot. To place the ego attention abilities of shot patients. To happen out the relationship between cognition and self attention abilities of shot patients. To find the association of cognition and self attention abilities with selected socio demographic variables of shot patients. To fix a wellness instruction booklet on shot. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Appraisal It refers to statistical measuring of cognition of patients about shot KNOWLEDGE It refers to patients awareness sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, diagnostic steps, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught. Stroke It refers to a neurologic alterations caused by an break in the blood supply to a portion of the encephalon. Hemiplegia It refers to neurological shortage in which there is functional disablement of one side of the organic structure. Designation It refers to a action or procedure of finding the ego attention abilities of shot patients. SELF CARE ABILITIES It refers to those activities that the patient is able to execute independently. Patients It refers to clients admitted with shot and receiving intervention for more than 3 hebdomads. HEALTH EDUCATION PAMPHLET It refers to information in a written signifier sing definition, causes, hazard factors, clinical manifestations, hospital direction and place attention direction of shot. Premise Patients will hold unequal cognition sing shot. Patients who had stroke face assorted self attention shortage in their recovery period. Restriction Study was limited to stroke patients with unilateral paralysis who are admitted for more than 3 hebdomads in one peculiar infirmary, so the findings can non be generalized. Patients who are in the age group of 35-65 old ages. Study was limited merely to 40 patients. Study was limited to those who are willing to take part in the survey. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A conceptual model is a set of constructs and propositions that spell out the relationship between them. The overall intent is to do scientific findings meaningful and generalisable. Concepts are the mental images of phenomena and are the edifice blocks of the survey. Polit and Hungler ( 1999 ) states that the conceptual model is an interconnected construct of abstractions that are assembled together in some strategy by their relevancy to a common thing. This is a device that helps to excite research and the extension of cognition by supplying both way and drift. The present survey is aimed at measuring the ego attention ability and cognition of shot patients in Senthil Multi Speciality Hospital, Erode. The conceptual model selected for the survey is based on Orem ‘s self attention shortage theory ( 1985 ) . Orem defined self attention as learned, end oriented activity directed toward the ego in the involvement of keeping life, wellness development and good being. Major CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Orem labels her ego attention theory of nursing as a general theory composed of three related constructs. THE CONCEPT OF SELF CARE Describes and explains self attention. What the client should execute to keep hygiene. In this survey it is the ego attention activities performed by the client like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, ambulation, lavatory usage and placement. THE CONCEPT OF SELF CARE DEFICIT Describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing.In this survey it is the province in which the client is non able to execute the ego attention activities ( bathing, dressing, eating, ambulation, intestine and bladder control ) or the dependence degree that require aid in run intoing the ends. THE CONCEPT OF Nursing SYSTEM It is a uninterrupted series or actions that are directed to run into individual ‘s curative ego attention demand. There are three types of nursing system: WHOLLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM If the client is unable to execute actions, the system is entirely compensatory that is the nurse performs all actions. In this survey, it refers to the to the full dependent shot clients or those requires assistance to execute their activities of day-to-day life like bathing, dressing, combing, eating, vesica and intestine control, ambulation and placement. PARTIALLY COMPENSATORY SYSTEM If the nurse and patient portion the duty, the system is partly compensatory. In this survey, it refers to the partly independent and partly dependent shot clients those who requires moderate aid by the important others or nurse in executing the activities of day-to-day life like feeding, bathing, ambulation, placement. SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE SYSTEM When a patient provides all self care necessitating motions and lone instruction is required as a grid to activity so it is supportive educative system. In this survey, it refers to the to the full independent shot clients, those who are able to make the ego attention activities and requires wellness instruction sing bar of accidents, safe bed to chair and chair to bed transportation techniques, importance of early rehabilitation to better the societal activities and steps to forestall the secondary shot onslaught. SELF CARE AGENCY It is the person ‘s ability to execute self care activities. It consists of two agencies.s SELF CARE AGENT: The individual who provides the ego attention. In this survey, the ego attention agent is client ‘s with shot. DEPENDENT CARE AGENT: The individual other than the person who provides attention. In this survey, the dependant attention agent is the research worker, who assesses the cognition sing significance, hazard factors, causes, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught. THERAPEUTIC SELF CARE DEMAND: Curative ego attention demand is the summing up of ego attention actions to be performed for some continuance of clip and in some location to run into self care necessities particularized for a individual.In this survey, it refers to the impart cognition sing significance, causes, hazard factors, marks and symptoms, direction and bar of secondary shot onslaught and do the patient to execute self attention sing personal lavatory, eating, lavatory usage, vesica and intestine control, ambulation. This chapter dealt with the debut, demand for the survey, statement of the job, aim of the survey, operational definitions, premises, restriction and conceptual model.

Shakespeares play othello demonstrates the weakness of human judgement Essays

Shakespeares play othello demonstrates the weakness of human judgement Essays Shakespeares play othello demonstrates the weakness of human judgement Essay Shakespeares play othello demonstrates the weakness of human judgement Essay a non-profit organization. Privacy policy Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Mobile view Wikimedia Foundation Powered by MediaWiki

102 Intro to Fallacies Professor Ramos Blog

102 Intro to Fallacies Intro to Fallacies Quick Write Fallacy Definition a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument. a failure in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument. We will be talking about fallacies today. These are general definitions of a fallacy. In your own words, what is a fallacy? What fallacies have you heard of? Intro to Fallacies Your textbook has a good list of fallacies beginning on page 363. One important point to keep in mind is that we are always using logic to justify what we believe. The problem comes when we begin with assumptions instead of questioning our position. Fallacies are connected to the different appeals: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. Remember, Ethos is appeals to credibility or character Logos is appeals to logic and reason Pathos is appeals to feelings or emotions. Appealing to ethos or pathos is not in itself a fallacy, only appealing to them or using them unethically is.  Here is an example of a fallacy used to persuade. Why do we say this is a fallacy? Key Terms Argument: A conclusion together with the premises that support it. Premise: A reason offered as support for another claim. Conclusion: A claim that is supported by a premise. Valid: An argument whose premises genuinely support its conclusion. Unsound: An argument that has at least one false premise. Fallacy:  An argument that relies upon faulty reasoning. Booby-trap: An argument that, while not a fallacy itself, might lead an inattentive reader to commit a fallacy. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Fallacies This is a great resource for further reading on fallacies and how they are  not so simple. The article  lists 223 of the most common fallacies. I do not expect you to know them all or to never use any. Fallacies are controversial. We appreciate logic and honesty in Western rhetorical thinking and that is at odds with many fallacies. Fallacies are not necessarily wrong, they work very well and are very good at persuading people. Fallacies are considered unethical and so we try to avoid them. They are thought of as flaws in thought, tricks, and sneaky uses of persuasion to convince others. Emotional Fallacies (Pathos) Scare Tactics – Scaring people and exaggerating dangers. Also known as fear mongering. Scare Tactic Fallacy example. Either-or Choices / False Dichotomy – Oversimplification to only two choices. Slippery Slope – Exaggerating the consequences of an action. Sentimental Appeals – Excessive emotion intended to distract. Bandwagon Appeals – Follow the path of everyone else. Ethical Fallacies (Ethos) False Authority – Offering yourself or other authorities as sufficient evidence. Dogmatism – persuade by assuming a position based in biblical passages. Dogmatism Fallacy example Moral Equivocation – suggesting that serious wrongdoings do not differ from minor ones. Ad Hominem  (At the person) – Attacks directed at character instead of the claims or argument. Logical Fallacies (Logos) Hasty Generalizations – conclusions drawn from insufficient evidence. Jumping to conclusions. The most common fallacy you will encounter. Hasty Generalization example Faulty Causality – assuming because one event happened after another, the first causes the second. Begging the Question – a form of circular logic. an argument based on claims that cannot be accepted as true. Equivocation –  the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself. Non Sequitur  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ an argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically. The Straw Man – Misrepresenting an argument in order to knock it down. Arguing something that is not really there. Faulty Analogy – An extended comparison that is inaccurate or inconsequential. Red Herring –  Partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what’s really at stake. Often, the arguer never returns to the original issue.

SAT Prep for ESL and Bilingual Students

SAT Prep for ESL and Bilingual Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is a challenging test for all students, but especially for those whose native language isn't English. Even more so than its counterpart, the ACT, the SAT focuses on high level vocabulary words and reading comprehension. Most four year colleges require the SAT or ACT from ESL students, often along with the TOEFL or IELTS. This guide is for ESL and bilingual students who have college in their plans and want to know how to prep for the SAT. Before delving into your approach to test prep, let's discuss what exactly the SAT tests, and why it can be so demanding for non-native speakers of English. What Does the SAT Test? Some students ask, can you take the SAT in another language? What about the SAT in Spanish or Mandarin? What about just the SAT instructions in another language? The answer to all these is, sadly, no. There is no special SAT ESL or SAT bilingual version. The SAT is meant to assess your college readiness. It tests whether you have the math and verbal reasoning skills to do well in college classes. Since your college classes will be in English, it wouldn't be very helpful to offer SAT dual language or translations for the questions or instructions. The SAT has three main sections: math, Critical Reading, and Writing, which includes an essay. ESL, bilingual, and international students often score higher on the math section of the SAT than the Writing and Critical Reading sections. While the math does require some knowledge of math terminology and understanding word problems, it doesn't require as advanced English skills as the verbal sections (perhaps stating the obvious). The Writing section tests your understanding of grammar rules and sentence and paragraph structure. Multiple choice questions will ask you to identify errors in a sentence or rearrange ideas within a paragraph. Because the sentences are often complex, this section is challenging for ESL students. Some ESL students have an advantage on the Writing multiple choice, however. ESL students often study rules of English grammar more explicitly than native speakers do, who might just rely on their sense of "what sounds right." SAT scores of bilingual students who can identify and apply specific rules, like subject-verb agreement and parallelism, can do very well on this section. Writing also includes a 25 minute essay, which accounts for about 30% of the overall Writing score. This persuasive essay is tough for non-native speakers, since points are deducted for any errors in grammar or structure. Luckily, this essay is very coachable. By familarizing yourself with exactly what graders want to see and practicing essay writing before the exam, you can prepare yourself and improve your score. Finally, the most challenging section of the SAT for most ESL students is the Critical Reading section. To do well on this section, you have to be able to read and understand passages quickly. You also have to use reasoning skills to make inferences, interpret details, and determine main purpose. Doing well on the Critical Reading sections is no easy feat for any student. By improving your English level overall and studying specifically for the SAT, in terms of both content, and strategy, you can improve your scores a greal deal. The first step is asking yourself whether you're ready to start prepping for the SAT. Do you have the level of English necessary to study for and take the SAT? Let's try to answer this question for students in each of the three main levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. If you're a High Beginner or High Intermediate, you might fall somewhere in between and can take advice from both sections. Three delicious levels. What's Your English Level? Are you at the beginner, intermediate, or advanced level in your English language learning? As I mentioned above, many colleges require you to demonstrate your English proficiency with the TOEFL (another accepted exam is the IELTS) if you've taken one or more ESL classes in high school. Not only can this test help you get into college, but you can also use it to decide whether you're ready to take the SAT. SAT experts generally agree that you'll have trouble prepping for and taking the SAT until you've achieved at least a 90 on the TOEFL. The minimum TOEFL score I've seen to get into U.S. colleges is a 79, so this is another minimum benchmark to use. The TOEFL requires a lot of prep too, but at least all this studying will get you in the right mindset for the SAT. If you haven't taken the official TOEFL, you can try TOEFL sample questions and gauge your level that way. At the very least, you'll have a sense of your English level based on your class placement in school. If you're a beginner or high beginner ESL student, what can you do to start prepping for the SAT? Many colleges offer ESL bridge programs for beginner ESL students. SAT Prep for Beginner ESL Students If you're a recent ESL student at a beginner level, then you're probably not at the point yet where you can start planning for the SAT. The SAT is a measure of the math and verbal reasoning skills you need for college. Beginner ESL students would have a hard time keeping up with college classes in English. The best thing you can do at the beginner level is to keep studying and improving your English and all your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. Build up your vocabulary and knowledge of English idioms (some idioms will appear on the SAT). You might begin to familiarize yourself with what the SAT is all about, so you can incorporate relevant material into your English learning. By this I mean you could make sure you're learning geometry and algebra terms or focusing on a detailed understanding passages when you read. If you're looking to go to college at the beginner level, many colleges offer an ESL bridge program for bilingual and international students (and those who score lower than a 79 on the TOEFL). In a bridge program, you can keep learning English and eventually go straight into the school's undergraduate program. Some colleges with ESL bridge programs include UMass Boston, Roger Williams, and the University of New Hampshire, among lots of others. Another possibility is enrolling in a community college (which doesn't require the SAT, but usually wants to see the TOEFL), and then transferring to a 4-year school after a year or two. This can be a great option to give yourself time to build up your English, experience the U.S. if you're not living here already, gain college credits, and then ultimately get your diploma from a 4-year college. Keep working on your English so you'll have the language skills you need to take the SAT and succeed at the college level. Once you've brought your skills up to the intermediate or high intermediate level, you can begin to do more focused prep for the exam. Keep reading to improve your English skills. SAT Prep for Intermediate Students Intermediate students may be in a better position to score between a 79 and 90 on the TOEFL and find the SAT more accessible. If you're an intermediate ESL student, you should familiarize yourself with everything about the SAT. Find out what's tested on the Math, Critical Reading, and Writing sections. Learn all about the different question types. Understand how much time you have in each section. Math is typically easier for ESL students, but you still need to focus on the math concepts and making sure you can understand word problems and math vocabulary,like integer, mulltiples, and isosceles triangle. For Writing, study the most commonly tested grammar rules and read widely to improve your understanding of syntax and structure. Practice writing essays; hopefully you have someone who can give you feedback on them. Finally, for Critical Reading, practice reading texts closely(and quickly) for main purpose, vocabulary, and details. Figure out where you need to focus your studying the most. Then you can determine your approach to test prep. What Are Your Prep Options? There are a few options for SAT prep, but I wouldn't recommend all of them for intemediate ESL students. These options include self-studying from books, SAT classes, one on one tutoring, and online programs. Self-studying can be tough and even ineffective for intermediate ESL students. You have to figure out everything on your own. Students can improve a lot by studying their mistakes and reading through answer explanations. If you don't have the language skills to understand your mistakes, then you could keep repeating the same ones without learning what you're missing. SAT classes are a slightly better option, but they can be difficult if they're not geared toward ESL students. They might move at a faster pace and teach to native speakers. In large classes, you might not get enough individual attention to really understand problem types. I would recommend online programs or one on one tutoring (or online programs that include a one on one tutoring component). That way you can match the prep to your pace and language level and get the thorough explanations you need. PrepScholar's program, for example, helps you figure out your strengths and weaknesses and target the areas you need to improve most. It also gives you lots of lots of practice writing essays and getting feedback. One on one tutoring can also accomplish this, but it works best if the tutor has experience working with non-native English speakers. It also may just be a weekly meeting, whereas you could access an online program anytime you wanted. The key thing to remember is that you should target your weaknesses, understand your mistakes, and find a prep method that best meets your needs as an ESL or bilingual student. All of this takes time and a plan, so it's best to start a year or more before your test date to give yourself time to prep and additional test dates to retake the SAT, if needed. Meanwhile, continue improving your English, as ultimately a strong score on the SAT, and especially the verbal sections, requires advanced English skills. Full speed ahead! SAT Prep for Advanced Students Advanced ESL students or bilingual students who are fluent will benefit from SAT prep in much the same way as native speakers. The difference is that they may have to focus more on understanding idioms, high level vocabulary, and essay writing, and work on their ability to read quickly under time pressure. There are a number of resources for free official practice tests that students can use to get a sense of their strengths and weaknesses. As you review content and concepts, you can also try out strategies for saving time and approaching each section. Analyze your mistakes and keep trying out timed practice tests to improve your pacing. Is there a method of test prep that works best for advanced students? What Are Your Prep Options? In terms of your options - self-study, classes, one on one tutoring, and online programming - you have more flexibility as an advanced ESL student or fluent English speaker. If you can deeply understand test prep on your own from books, then you could benefit from using them to prepare. You also might learn in a class, though generally classes don't offer insight beyond the ordinary or give much individualized attention. The strengths of customized online programs and one on one tutoring still stand for advanced ESL students and native speakers, since they help you design a study plan, understand your strong points and weak areas, and prioritize the material in a way that will maximize your score improvement. Many schools waive their TOEFL requirement if you score a minimum score on the Critical Reading section of the SAT. UMass Boston wants to see a 450 for bilingual SAT scores, and Columbia and Brown want to see at least a 650. If you're an advanced speaker who can score high enough to waive the TOEFL, then you definitely want to get started on prep early. That way you'll know whether or not you have to take TOEFL before it's too late. The SAT is a challenging test that plays a huge role in your college plans. To do your best, you want to choose the best materials and method of test prep. Then you can design the study plan that will help you most increase your scores. And if you come up with the best design, Heidi Klum will wear it to the Emmys. Design Your SAT Study Plan While you should focus on prepping for all aspects of the SAT, you probably want to focus most of your energy on the Critical Reading section and the essay. These tend to be the hardest to score highly on if your native language isn't English. Official books, online programs, and tutoring can provide you with high quality materials, individualized attention, and detailed explanations. It also helps to keep improving your English and reading. There are even some SAT vocabulary novels that can be an engaging way to learn vocabulary in context. Once you figure out your target scores and check out the different test dates, you can divide your time according to your schedule. This is one possible study plan that starts early in high school. Some students may push this forward, but it's good to start early so you have available test dates to retake the SAT. Start prepping in sophomore year 2 to 3 hours a week. This would add up to 80 hours or more by the end of the school year! Take the SAT in the spring of junior year, like May or June. If you're not satisfied with your scores (which you very well may not be at this point), do intensive test prep over the summer, while continuing to advance your English. Test again in the fall of junior year, and again in the spring of junior year if you still see room for improvement. Keep in mind that the fall of senior year would be the last time you could take the SAT and make your deadlines. Don't wait too long to take the TOEFL if you'll need it for colleges. While you want to start early, you also need to have sufficient working knowledge of English and the content knowledge, like geometry, algebra, and certain literary terms. If you haven't studied geometry yet in sophomore year, then it might be tough to take the SAT then and better to wait a little longer. Even if you're just starting to study, adding an SAT Question of the Day is an easy way to slowly get familiar with the questions. You can also create vocabulary flashcards specific for reading and math to quiz yourself and build up your vocab. The SAT is meant to measure college readiness. Achieving your target scores shows you have the English and study skills you need to succeed in college level courses. What's Next? Check out these other free resources for learning about SAT content and strategy! How to Improve Your SAT Reading Score: 6 Strategies How to Improve Low SAT Math Scores: 6 Key Strategies How to Improve Your SAT Writing Score: 8 Key Strategies The Best Way to Read SAT Critical Reading Passages How to Stop Running Out of Time on SAT Math How to Stop Running Out of Time on SAT Reading How to Write an SAT Essay, Step by Step We have lots more guides to help students at all levels improve on the SAT and learn strategies to beat the test. Check them out and find the tips and strategies that work best for you! Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

What to See in Texas for Architecture Enthusiast

What to See in Texas for Architecture Enthusiast Denison, Texas, on the border with Oklahoma, would have remained a sleepy little railroad town if it hadnt been for Dwight David Eisenhower being born there. The Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site is just one of the many out-of-the-way places to visit in Texas.The home state of former Presidents Bush and Bush (father and son) has a lot more than oil and cattle fields. For travelers who are architecture enthusiasts, heres a selection of historic buildings and innovative new construction in Texas. Visiting Houston The Transco Tower, the 1983 landmark skyscraper designed by Philip Johnson, is now known as the Williams Tower, the tallest skyscraper in town. Another skyscraper designed by Johnson and his partner  John Burgee is the building now known as the Bank of America Center, a 1984 example of playful postmodernism. Houston has historic skyscrapers from the 1920s and a Hilton designed by Pritzker Laureate I.M. Pei. NRG (Reliant) Park, including the Houston Astrodome and Reliant Stadium, is the place to see the worlds first domed sports stadium. Rice University Stadium on the campus of Rice University remains one of the best examples of a modern, open-air football arena. Visiting Dallas – Fort Worth Big D architecture is historic, cultural, and truly an American melting pot experience. The Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River was designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas helped designed a fully adaptable, modern theatre space called the Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre. In 2009 the British architect Sir Norman Foster created a high-tech, traditional venue for the Arts District when he designed the Winspear Opera House. Chinese-American I.M. Pei designed Dallas City Hall. The Perot Museum of Nature and Science was designed by another Pritzker-winner, American architect Thom Mayne.   The George W. Bush Presidential Library was designed by postmodernist architect Robert A.M. Stern. Frank Lloyd Wrights last home constructed before his death was the John A. Gillin House, but that is not Wrights only mark on Dallas - the Kalita Humphreys Theater, also known as the Dallas Theater Center, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, who reportedly said, This building will one day mark the spot where Dallas once stood. History swirls near Dealey Plaza as the place in Dallas where President John Kennedy was assassinated; Philip Johnson designed the JFK Memorial. Outside activities in Dallas can revolve around the Dallas Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas - or any number of activities in the historic art deco buildings at Fair Park. Multi-cultural artist Volf Roitman brought a new style of art to Dallas, an international movement known as MADI (Movement Abstraction Dimension  Invention). Its bold geometric forms are on display at the Museum of Geometric and MADI Art.   The MADI is the only museum dedicated to MADI art and the primary point of focus for the MADI movement in the United  States. Pronounced mah-DEE, MADI is a modern art movement known for bright colors and bold geometric forms. In architecture, sculpture, and painting, MADI art uses abundant circles, waves, spheres, arches, spirals, and stripes. MADI ideas are also expressed in poetry, music, and dance. Playful and exuberant, MADI art focuses on objects rather than what they mean. The whimsical combinations of shapes and colors are abstract and free of symbolic meanings. Bill and Dorothy Masterson, lifelong supporters of the arts, were fascinated when artist Volf Roitman introduced them to the colorful and exuberant MADI movement. The Mastersons became avid collectors of MADI art works and spent time with the movements founder, Carmelo Arden Quin. When Mr. Mastersons law firm moved to a 1970s storefront building, the Mastersons decided to convert the first floor into an art museum and gallery devoted to MADI art. The building faà §ade, designed by Volf Roitman, became a celebration of MADI with geometric forms laser-cut out of galvanized, cold-rolled steel and powder coated in bright colors. The colorful panels are permanently bolted to the existing building. Roitmans convex-concave shapes and playful designs created a luscious, almost baroque skin for the once plain, two-story building. The landscape, furnishings, and lighting also reflect Roitmans MADI-ist ideas. Visiting San Antonio The Alamo. Youve heard the phrase, Remember the Alamo. Now visit the building where the infamous battle took place. The Spanish Mission also helped to give rise to the Mission Style of home design. La Villita Historical District is an original Spanish settlement, bustling with shops and artisan studios. San Antonio Missions. Missions San Jose, San Juan, Espada, and Concepcion were built over the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Spanish Governors Palace. Constructed in 1749, the building was the Governors Place when San Antonio was the capital of Texas. Visiting College Station George Bush Library, Presidential Library of the forty-first President of the United StatesCollege of Architecture, Texas A M UniversityThe Texas AM Bonfire Memorial: A memorial stands where once twelve students lost their lives and many more were injured as they built a Bonfire before a football game. Learn about a tradition gone wrong. Also in Texas You cannot go inside these privately owned homes, but Texas is filled with interesting residences worthy of drive-by photography: Amarillo: Sterling Kinney House by Frank Lloyd WrightBunker Hill: William L. Thaxton Jr. House by Frank Lloyd Wright Plan Your Texas Itinerary For tours of historic Texas architecture, visit the National Register of Historic Places. Youll find maps, photographs, historical information, and travel recommendations. Source Photo of the MADI Museum and Gallery Building at Dusk  © Volf Roitman

Why is it very important that this world see Jesus as Lord Essay - 1

Why is it very important that this world see Jesus as Lord - Essay Example Here, prophet Isaiah intended to warn the people of Judah against the wrath of God and makes to them a promise that eventually God will comfort his people and will make them strong again. In that context, prophet Isaiah makes many prophesies about Jesus and the coming of the Lord and Savior. It specifically needs to be mentioned here that the word ‘Immanuel’ used by prophet Isaiah to refer to Jesus means â€Å"God is with us† and hence prophet clearly prophesied that not only will Jesus come to Erath, but that Jesus is truly the Lord. Prophet Isaiah goes on to refer to the coming of Jesus as the Lord and savior of the people. Here again prophet Isaiah goes on to prophesy that Jesus is the Lord and Savior. Prophesies about Jesus being Lord is continued on in the New Testament. The Gospels many a time mention Jesus as Lord and declare Jesus to be Lord. These are the word from the Gospel of John, written by John, one of the disciples of Jesus. In this Gospel John writes about the period A.D. 26-30, when Jesus taught and performed miracles. The Gospel of John clearly shows to the people that Jesus is Lord. Believing the scriptural evidence that confirms Jesus as Lord, it is the duty of people to totally surrender to Jesus, as one surrenders before one’s Lord. Going by the fact that Jesus is Lord, it is the duty of the believers to live for Him. For instance, when around 627 B.C., when people of Judah mocked and hated prophet Jeremiah, he prophesied the mercy of God, and the restoration of the people of God, through the coming of Messiah by saying that: â€Å"The days are coming, declares the Lord when I will raise up to David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land. In his days Judah will be saved and Israel will live in safety. This is the name by which he will be called: The LORD our Righteousness.† Yet history has stood witness to the fact that time and again people